could someone please answer the following stat's question?

bicycle helmets prevent head injuries image

Mary

There has been debate about the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in preventing head
injuries to bicyclists involved in accidents. In a group of 22 accidents where the
bicyclist suffered injuries, of the sixteen who were wearing a helmet three suffered
head injuries whilst of the six who were not wearing a helmet two suffered head
injuries. Determine if there is a difference in the incidence in head injuries between
those bicyclists who do and do not wear a helmet.

Answer
Let P1 be the proportion of those wearing a helmet that suffered head injuries
Let P2 be the proportion of those not wearing a helmet that suffered head injuries

H0: P1 = P2
Ha : P1 â  P2

p1-hat = 3/16
p2-hat = 2/6

Sample 1 proportion x1/n1 = 0.1875
Sample 2 proportion x2/n2 = 0.3333
Pooled proportion pi= (3+2)/(16+6) = 0.2273

Variance of difference in proportions = pi*(1-pi)*(1/n1+1/n2)
= (0.227273)(0.772727)(1/16+1/6) =0.0402462

Standard error of (p1hat-p2hat) = 0.200615

z = (p1hat-p2hat) / sqrt[pi*(1-pi)*(1/n1+1/n2)]
z = -0.145833 / 0.200615 = -0.726933

P( |z| > 0.726933) = (0.2327)(2) = 0.4654
P-value = 0.4654

Assume the significance level is 0.05
Since P-value > significance level, we do not reject the null hypothesis.

There is no evidence of a difference between the two groups.

What usually happens if you have to stay in the hospital for observation?

Jackie Bro

for a head injury. can you be observed at home?

Answer
You can be observed at home, but if you start to show signs of bleeding or pressure in the brain, it will be an awful lot longer before you get help. This significantly increases the chance of death or brain damage.

In most cases, the odds of a further problem are very low, probably less than 1%. But the consequences of not being in the hospital when your brain starts to bleed or swell can be pretty serious.

If you have symptoms of a severe head injury such as persistent headache, vomiting, or less of consciousness for more than a minute at the time of the accident, you really want to be in the hospital if things go wrong.

There was an 8 year old boy in Sacramento who fell off his bicycle, no helmet, seemed to only have cuts and scrapes. Doctors noticed that he had loss of memory around the time of the accident and the doctors felt that his speech and reasoning didn't seem right. He did stay in the hospital for observation, had a brain bleed, and it took immediate surgery to prevent serious brain damage.

Let the doctors do their job.

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